OSX.FlashBack, also known as the Flashback Trojan, Fakeflash, or Trojan BackDoor.Flashback, is a Trojan horse affecting personal computer systems running Mac OS X. The first variant of Flashback was discovered by antivirus company Intego in September 2011. Flash is currently not recommended to have it installed in your computer because of all security risks that it brings. However if you still need it, proceed with the steps below. Install Flash on mac. Using Safari, go to Adobe's download page and follow the steps: Select your Operating System: Mac OS X 10.10 - 10.14 (versions can change). Kootion 128GB USB 3.0 Flash Drive 128 gb USB Drive 3.0 Large Thumb Drive Blue USB Flash Drive 128GB Bootable Pendrive 128GB Memory Stick for Game Box/Windows/Linux/Mac OS 4.5 out of.

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A year ago today, Apple released a software update to halt the spread of the Flashback worm, a malware strain that infected more than 650,000 Mac OS X systems using a vulnerability in Apple’s version of Java. This somewhat dismal anniversary is probably as good a time as any to publish some clues I’ve gathered over the past year that point to the real-life identity of the Flashback worm’s creator.

Before I delve into the gritty details, a little background on this insidious contagion is in order. A keenly detailed research paper (PDF) published last year by Finnish security firm F-Secure puts the impact and threat from Flashback in perspective, noting that the malware boasted a series of “firsts” for its kind. For starters, Flashback was the first OS X malware to be “VMware aware” — or to know when it was being run in a virtual environment (a trick designed to frustrate security researchers). It also was the first to disable XProtect, OS X’s built-in malware protection program. These features, combined with its ability to spread through a then-unpatched vulnerability in Java made Flashback roughly as common for Macs as the Conficker Worm was for Windows PCs.

“This means Flashback is not only the most advanced, but also the most successful OS X malware we’ve ever seen,” wrote F-Secure’s Broderick Ian Aquilino.

The F-Secure writeup answers an important question not found in other analyses: Namely, what was the apparent intended purpose of Flashback? Put simply: to redirect Google results to third-party advertisers, all for the author’s profit. It’s name was derived from the fact that it spread using a social engineering trick of presenting the OS X user with a bogus Flash Player installation prompt. F-Secure notes that this same behavior — both the Flash social engineering trick and the redirection to fake Google sites that served search results for third-party advertisers that benefited the author — was also found in the QHost malware, suggesting that Flashback may have been the next evolution of the Mac QHost malware.

BLACK SEO

A year ago, I published a series that sought to identify the real-lifehackersbehindthetopspambotnets. Using much the same methodology, I was able to identify and locate a young man in Russia who appears (and privately claims) to be the author of Flashback. As it happens, this individual hangs out on many of the same forums as the world’s top spammers (but more on that at another time).

Given Flashback’s focus on gaming Google’s ad networks, I suspected that the worm’s author probably was a key member of forums that focus on so-called “black hat SEO,” (search engine optimization), or learned in illicit ways to game search engines and manipulate ad revenues. Sure enough, this individual happens to be a very active and founding member of BlackSEO.com, a closely guarded Russian language forum dedicated to this topic.

Below is a screen shot taken from a private message between a “VIP” user named “Mavook” and a top forum member on BlackSEO.com. The conversation took place on July 14, 2012. A rough translation of their conversation is superimposed on the redacted screen grab, but basically it shows Mavook asking the senior member for help in gaining access to Darkode.com, a fairly exclusive English-language cybercrime forum (and one that I profiled in a story earlier this week).

BlackSEO.com member “Mavook” claims responsibility for creating Flashback to a senior forum member.

Mavook asks the other member to get him an invitation to Darkode, and Mavook is instructed to come up with a brief bio stating his accomplishments, and to select a nickname to use on the forum if he’s invited. Mavook replies that the Darkode nick should be not be easily tied back to his BlackSEO persona, and suggests the nickname “Macbook.” He also states that he is the “Creator of Flashback botnet for Macs,” and that he specializes in “finding exploits and creating bots.”

The senior member that Mavook petitions is quite well known in the Russian cybercrime underground, and these two individuals also are well known to one another. In fact, in a separate exchange on the main BlackSEO forum between the senior member and a BlackSEO user named JPS, the senior member recommends Mavook as a guy who knows his stuff and can be counted on to produce reliable attack tools.

In the conversation screen-shotted here to the left, JPS can be seen asking the senior forum member for recommendations about reliable individuals who sell unique exploit packs, software toolkits built to be stitched into hacked Web sites and exploit common Web browser vulnerabilities. JPS says he’s looking for a pro who can deliver decent exploitation rates.

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“I have no time (and no desire) to roam chats and argue there with cool hackers,” JPS said. “I need to check traffic in terms of exploitability, and in the future, if everything is alright, I can work on a continuous basis” with the hired expert.

The senior member tells JPS to ask Mavook. “If Mavook won’t budge, saying that he is no longer doing this stuff, write to me again.”

How to win at the slots. WHO IS MAVOOK?

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If we take a closer look at Mavook’s profile page on BlackSEO.com, we can see that he is a longtime member, dating back to 2005, when he was the 24th member registered on BlackSEO (out of thousands). Mavook’s profile also shows that his personal home page was at one time mavook.com. The WHOIS registration records for mavook.com have long been hidden by commercial WHOIS privacy protection services, but I found the original WHOIS record for this domain using the indispensable historic WHOIS service maintained by domaintools.com. Those records show that the domain was originally registered in 2005 by a Maxim Selikhanovich in Saransk, the capital city in Mordovia, a republic in the eastern region of the East European Plain of Russia.

The email address used to register mavook.com was “h0mini@mail.ru” (the second character in the address is a zero). A search for that email address in Skype’s user database brings up a user with the screen name “Maximsd”. Mavook also used the email address “mavook@gmail.com.” That address is tied a Maxim Selikhanovich in Saransk via the registration records for the now defunct Website saransk-offline.com, which at one point sold popular MP3 files for pennies apiece.

One of the emails used by Maxim for that Website and a related site was “troxel@yandex.ru,” which was the same email used to register a now-deleted Facebook account under a Maxim Selikhanovich from Saransk. Yet another abandoned music sales site — mavook-mp3.com — was registered to a “Mavook aka Troxel” and to the h0mini@mail.ru” address used for mavook.com.

MACS, MAX and MAKS

The final clue offers perhaps the most tantalizing details: The h0mini@mail.ru address is the contact point of record for a business in Saransk called mak-rm.com, the domain name registered to a IT-outsourcing and Web design firm in Saransk called the Mordovia Outsourcing Company (the “mak” part of the name comes from the Russian version of the company name, which is “МОРДОВСКАЯ АУТСОРСИНГОВАЯ КHow much is macbook pro hard drive. ОМПАНИЯ”). That domain is registered to a “Max D. Sell” in Saransk (see a cached image from mak-rm.com’s homepage in 2010 at the Internet Archive).

According to a trusted source who has the ability to look up tax information on citizens and corporations in Russia, the Mordovia Outsourcing Company was registered and founded by one Maxim Dmitrievich Selihanovich, a 30-year-old from Saransk, Mordovia.

OSX.FlashBack,^[1] also known as the Flashback Trojan, Fakeflash, or Trojan BackDoor.Flashback, is a Trojan horse affecting personal computer systems running Mac OS X.^[2][3] The first variant of Flashback was discovered by antivirus company Intego in September 2011.^[4]

Infection[edit]

According to the Russian antivirus company Dr. Web, a modified version of the 'BackDoor.Flashback.39' variant of the Flashback Trojan had infected over 600,000 Mac computers, forming a botnet that included 274 bots located in Cupertino, California.^[5][6] The findings were confirmed one day later by another computer security firm, Kaspersky Lab.^[7] This variant of the malware was first detected in April 2012^[8] by Finland-based computer security firm F-Secure.^[9][10] Dr. Web estimated that in early April 2012, 56.6% of infected computers were located within the United States, 19.8% in Canada, 12.8% in the United Kingdom and 6.1% in Australia.^[6]The chase for the kidnapped mermaid mac os.

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Details[edit]

The original variant used a fake installer of Adobe Flash Player to install the malware, hence the name 'Flashback'.^[4]

A later variant targeted a Java vulnerability on Mac OS X. The system was infected after the user was redirected to a compromised bogus site, where JavaScript code caused an applet containing an exploit to load. An executable file was saved on the local machine, which was used to download and run malicious code from a remote location. The malware also switched between various servers for optimized load balancing. Each bot was given a unique ID that was sent to the control server.^[6] The trojan, however, would only infect the user visiting the infected web page, meaning other users on the computer were not infected unless their user accounts had been infected separately.^[11]

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Resolution[edit]

Oracle, the company that develops Java, fixed the vulnerability exploited to install Flashback on February 14, 2012.^[8] However, at the time of Flashback's release, Apple maintained the Mac OS X version of Java and did not release an update containing the fix until April 3, 2012,^[12] after the flaw had already been exploited to install Flashback on 600,000 Macs.^[13] On April 12, 2015, the company issued a further update to remove the most common Flashback variants.^[14] The updated Java release was only made available for Mac OS X Lion and Mac OS X Snow Leopard; the removal utility was released for Intel versions of Mac OS X Leopard in addition to the two newer operating systems. Users of older operating systems were advised to disable Java.^[12] There are also some third party programs to detect and remove the Flashback trojan.^[13] Apple worked on a new process that would eventually lead to a release of a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) for Mac OS X at the same time it would be available for Windows, Linux, and Solaris users.^[15] As of January 9, 2014, about 22,000 Macs were still infected with the Flashback trojan.^[16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^This is the name used in Apple's built-in anti-malware software XProtect. Other antivirus software vendors may use different names.
2. ^5 April 2012, Flashback Trojan botnet infects 600,000 Macs, Siliconrepublic
3. ^5 April 2012, 600,000 infected Macs are found in a botnet, The Inquirer
4. ^ ^abSeptember 26, 2011, Mac Flashback Trojan Horse Masquerades as Flash Player Installer Package, Intego Security
5. ^Jacqui Cheng, 4 April 2012, Flashback Trojan reportedly controls half a million Macs and counting, Ars Technica
6. ^ ^abc4 April 2012, Doctor Web exposes 550 000 strong Mac botnet Dr. Web
7. ^Chloe Albanesius, 6 April 2012, Kaspersky Confirms Widespread Mac Infections Via Flashback Trojan, PCMag
8. ^ ^ab'Half a million Mac computers 'infected with malware''. BBC. April 5, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
9. ^April 2, 2012, Mac Flashback Exploiting Unpatched Java Vulnerability F-Secure's News from the Lab
10. ^11 April 2012, Apple crafting weapon to vanquish Flashback virus, Sydney Morning Herald
11. ^Kessler, Topher. 'How to remove the Flashback malware from OS X'. CNET.
12. ^ ^ab'About Flashback malware'. Apple. April 10, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
13. ^ ^ab'flashbackcheck.com'. Kaspersky. April 9, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
14. ^'About Java for OS X Lion 2012-003'. Apple. April 12, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
15. ^'Mac Security: A Myth?'. eSecurity Planet. April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
16. ^'It's alive! Once-prolific Flashback trojan still infecting 22,000 Macs'. January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

External links[edit]

• Apple Delays, Hackers Play April 12, 2012